Which phase is characterized by automaticity of movements and minimal conscious control?

The phase characterized by automaticity of movements and minimal conscious control is known as the autonomous phase. During this stage of motor learning, individuals have practiced skills extensively, allowing them to perform movements with high efficiency and without the need for conscious thought. This means that actions become more fluid and consistent as they are executed automatically, making it easier for the individual to focus on other aspects of performance, such as strategy or external factors in a game situation.

In contrast, the cognitive phase involves substantial thinking and deliberation about the movements being learned, with attention focused on understanding the task rather than executing it fluidly. The associative phase is a transitional stage where the learner begins to refine skills and is still somewhat dependent on conscious thought but has started to improve consistency. The initial phase, or novice stage, is characterized by significant struggles as learners attempt to understand and execute basic movements.

Each phase represents a progression in the complexity and execution of motor tasks, with the autonomous phase reflecting the pinnacle of skill acquisition where performance is streamlined and instinctive.